Developed as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale and validated for use in both pregnancy and the postnatal period to assess for possible depression and anxiety. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale is a tool used to screen women who have given birth in the last six to eight weeks for depression. The epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the postnatal period. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. It is recommended you use it twice during your pregnancy and at 6 weeks. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating postnatal depression scale which was developed almost twenty years ago.
As you are having a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. It consists of 10 items, each scored from 03, with higher total scores being indicative of increasing distress green, 1998. Validating the edinburgh postnatal depression scale as a screening tool for postpartum depression in kathmandu, nepal babu ram bhusal1, nisha bhandari2, manisha chapagai3 and tania gavidia4 abstract background. Understanding postnatal depression the nice national institute for health and clinical excellence guidelines on antenatal and postnatal care say that healthcare professionals should, before and during pregnancy if possible, and after the birth, ask specific questions designed to detect signs of depression, and follow this up as appropriate. The questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum.
Edinburgh postnatal pregnancy, birth and early parenthood for. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 6. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds since you are either pregnant or have recently had a baby, we want to know how you feel. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is most frequently used in the research setting and clinical practice for several reasons. The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period. You will be asked to complete the epds at least twice. Reliability and validity of the edinburgh postnatal. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculator. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds. To evaluate the utilization of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale as a screening tool in the public health system. The condition has a substantial impact on the whole family. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early postpartum period 43 but must be supported by clinical assessment of mood for the diagnosis of pnd to be made.
We use this scale to see how woman are coping with the life changes of pregnancy and childbirth. Selftest for depression symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds jl cox, jm holden, r sagovsky, department of psychiatry, university of edinburgh 1987 module 6 name. If your total score is 11 or more, you could be experiencing postpartum depression ppd or anxiety. Please check the answer that comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. The scale can be used at six to eight weeks after birth or during pregnancy. The identification of severity ranges for the edinburgh.
The dependent variable utilized in this study was the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds as it is the most common screening instrument used for the detection of antenatal and post natal. Participants in the intervention group had better maternal mental health outcome as assessed by epds at 6 months risk ratio. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. These limitations may also be relevant to a consideration of the zung depression scale zung, 1965 for use in the puerperium. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10item questionnaire that was developed to identify women who have postpartum depression. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 0 as much as i always could 1 not quite so much now 2 definitely not so much now 3 not at all 2.
Detection of postnatal depression development of the 10ztem edinburgh postnatal depression scale j. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale this screening tool is very well researched for both postnatal and prenatal use. Oct 15, 2010 postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues. Standardized questionnaires designed for the identification of depression are useful for monitoring individual as well as population mental health. A mother checks off one of four possible answers that is. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from ppd. Please underline the answer which best describes how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. Edinburgh postpartum depression screening tool the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the screening instrument most commonly used to identify women with postpartum mood disorders. Postnatal depression is assessed, often by health visitors, using a questionnaire called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. As you have recently had a baby, we would ike to know how you are fee ing. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. The spanish version was developed at the university of iowa based on earlier. Users may reproduce the scale without further permission providing they respect by quoting the names of the authors, the title and the source of the paper in all reproduced copies.
This 10question selfrating scale has been demonstrated to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. It can help to identify symptoms of anxiety and depression. You will be given the epds as a normal part of your pregnancy and post pregnancy care. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Oct 21, 2016 edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is considered well accepted screening tool for postpartum depression ppd. The study of the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values versus. Apr 04, 2016 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of perinatal depression and anxiety 3, 4. A screening questionnaire to check for depression during the postnatal period. C 1719 women with postpartum major depression should be. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale for screening in the. Cox jl, holden jm, sagovsky r 1987 detection of postnatal depression.
Normalnegative screen likely not suffering at this time provide education about risksincidence. Kl wisner, bl perry, cm piontek, postpartum depression n engl j med vol 347, no 3, july 18, 2002 194199. Provide psva information card and contact information for support groups and other community resources. To download information click on the selected language.
During the pilot study, the overwhelming conclusion of participating obgyn practices was that the epds was useful. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in. Sagovsky the edinburgh postnatal depression scale has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds english pdf edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds spanish pdf edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds scoring instructions pdf sample signature page for new mothers re. The validation of the french version of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, conducted on a sample of 87 women in the first 4 months of post partum, is presented. This screening tool is very well researched for both postnatal and prenatal use. Psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the epds in a sample of iranian. It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms in the antenatal period. Model comparison of factor structure and its psychosocial correlates among mothers at one month after childbirth in japan. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been used as a reliable screening tool for postpartum depression in many countries. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds taken from the british journal of psychiatry june, 1987, vol.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 23 translations of the epds have been recently checked, revised or backtranslated and then reformatted by western sydney translation service onto the nsw health emr form to enable clinicians better access to validated versions via a url link. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has originally been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect postnatal depression, but several authors recommend its use outside of the postpartum period. For the purposes of this toolkit, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale was selected due to its high specificity, high predictive value and its validation in numerous countries and languages. As a new mother, you may be asked to fill this in within the first two months after the birth, to check for early symptoms. This 10question selfrating scale has been proven to be an efficient and effective way. About this resource about this resource 1 this is a new resource which collates copies of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english and. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds this document is available in english as well as in languages other than english. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds free social.
After extensive pilot interviews a validation study was. Antenatal depressive symptoms, a history of major depressive disorder, or. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds pdf file 408 kb links to english resource summary. More than one in 10 new mothers is thought to experience significant postpartum depression.
Postnatal depression is poorly identified in the community. Outcome of a postnatal depression screening programme using the. Please circle the number next to the answer which comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. The scale is not a diagnostic tool, but it can help determine if a woman should be referred for a depression diagnosis.
Validating the edinburgh postnatal depression scale as a. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum depression. The present study established severity cutoff scores for the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds based on a widely used depression symptom severity measure, the beck depression inventory bdi background. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale psychology tools. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds scoring guide 1.
Postpartum depression afsoomaali somali pdf postpartum depression english mp3. Cox 1990 also known as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Diagnostic accuracy of the edinburgh postnatal depression. Once during your pregnancy, and once after pregnancy. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale may be used to screen for postpartum major depression with acceptable sensitivity and specificity. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale request pdf. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale more mindful counselling. It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely used screening questionnaire for ppd. The scale was administered between the 40 th and 90 th day after delivery to 245 mothers whose delivery occurred at a private maternity hospital located in the municipality of belo horizonte, southeastern brazil, from 2005 to 2006. The need for a suitable tool for assessing postpartum depression in kenya led to the process of translation of the 10 items edinburgh postnatal scale into kiswahili. It assesses emotional experiences over the past seven days using ten likertscale items see additional file 1. Pdf psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of. Validation of the edinburgh depression scale during pregnancy.
Links to the english and multilingual resources can be accessed further below. Postpartum major depression american family physician. In the current study, ppd is defined as a father having depressive symptoms occurring within a year after the birth of the child, meaning that costs. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds cox jl, holden jm sagovsky r 1987 detection of postnatal depression. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the epds in a sample of iranian women. You the edinburgh depression scale is ten questions basically asking you how you have felt in the past seven days and in those ten questions they each have a rating scale question number ten asks you if youve ever thought of harming yourself or harming somebody else how we use the intervarsity l as we screen our moms in the hospital if moms score moderate to high then that is the opportunity. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds perinatal services. Jun 12, 2006 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating postnatal depression scale which was developed almost twenty years ago. As you are pregnant or have recently had a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling.
It is a selfreport questionnaire now used in many countries to screen for postnatal depression. Items of the scale correspond to various clinical depression symptoms, such as guilt feeling, sleep disturbance, low energy, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds instructions. The mother should complete the scale herself, unless she has limited english or reading difficulties. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is considered well accepted screening tool for postpartum depression ppd. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of questions for you to answer. The study will use individual patient data that will allow estimate of diagnostic accuracy for all relevant cutoff scores of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds using data from all patients at each cutoff score. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is an example of such a brief selfrating scale, although it was originally designed for screening for postpartum depression.
Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds for use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies and 6 8 weeks postpartum name. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. The 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is commonly recommended for depression screening in the perinatal period. Edinburgh depression scale printable edinburgh postnatal. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds cox et al. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ucsf fresno. Using stratified sampling 262 postpartum women 2 weeks3 months after delivery were selected from urban and rural health. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale pdf sample letter to patients doctor re.
Its 10 polytomous items are summated to an overall score ranging from 030, with cut points to identify the likely presence of depression. To be useful as a screening test for depression following childbirth, therefore, a selfreport scale must be fully acceptable to women who may not. The idea was to seek semantic, conceptual as well as normative equivalence in this translation. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a screening questionnaire that can indicate whether a new mother has symptoms that are commonly seen in women with depression during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale english form. The epds is among the most widely used screening tools for depression in women and has been translated in over 50 languages. Does the edinburgh postnatal depression scale measure anxiety. Postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing.
Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. It is recommended you use it twice during your pregnancy and at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months postpartum. This is a 10item questionnaire which has been validated in many different populations and is available in almost every language. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Article pdf available in journal of psychosomatic research 515. Diagnostic accuracy of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Each question is scored 03 resulting range 030 and completion takes around 5 min. About the edinburgh postnatal depression scale the epds was developed in the 1980s by john cox, a consultant psychiatrist in the united kingdom, and his colleagues jeni holden and ruth sagovsky. The epds is a widely used screening tool to identify clinically significant levels of depression in postpartum women traditionally, an epds cutoff score is. The scale, which has been translated into 50 different languages, consists of 10 selfreported questions that are health literacy appropriate and take less than 5. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist primary care health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from postpartum depression ppd. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed in scotland at health centers in livingston and edinburgh.
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